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In the botanical kingdom, ferns represent an important phylogenetic bridge between lower and higher plants.
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The pteridophytes are a group of vascular plants that is divided into two monophyletic lineages, the lycophytes and the ferns, which differ phylogenetically: the ferns more closely resemble the seed-bearing plants (Prado and Sylvestre 2010).ĭifferent species of ferns identified on the Araripe Plateau, Crato, CE, Brazil. 1) are less widely distributed than angiosperms, they are reportedly used for medicinal purposes in places where they do occur, suggesting that they produce secondary metabolites with specialized ecological functions relating to herbivore defence (Morais-Braga et al. This may be because angiosperms exhibit greater biodiversity, more varied adaptations, and are more widely distributed, making them accessible to a greater number of research groups.Īlthough pteridophytes (Fig.
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However, studies on the pharmacology of phytochemicals have mainly focused on angiosperms rather than pteridophytes in general. It is well established that chemicals extracted from plants have a wide range of pharmacological applications (Lanzotti 2014 Xiao 2015, 2016a, b, c Zheng et al.
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